Prepare the aromatics and vegetables: Prepare the garlic and ginger in one bowl and the carrots and shiitake in a second bowl. Trim off the root end of the enoki mushrooms and gently separate them with your hands. Drain the bamboo shoots and set aside.
Sauté the aromatics. Heat a large soup pot or Dutch oven over medium heat with 1½ tbsp oil until the oil shimmers. Add the garlic and ginger with 1 pinch of salt. Sauté for 5–10 seconds, just until fragrant.
Cook the vegetables. Add the carrots, mushrooms, the remaining 1½ tbsp oil, and 2 pinches of salt. Sauté for 1–2 minutes, stirring frequently.
Simmer the soup. Add the bamboo shoots and chicken broth. Stir, cover with a lid, and lower the heat to medium-low. Simmer for 7 minutes.
Add the chicken. Increase the heat to medium, add the shredded chicken (or turkey), and simmer for 3 minutes.
Season the soup. Add the soy sauce, sugar, vinegar, and hot sauce. Stir well and taste, adjusting the seasoning to your liking.
Thicken the broth. In a small bowl, mix the starch with 2 tbsp water to make a slurry. Stir well, then slowly pour it into the soup while stirring. Cook for 1–2 minutes, until the broth thickens.
Finish and serve. Turn off the heat. Stir in the scallions, sesame oil, and white pepper. Serve hot or warm.
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Notes
Storage: Store leftovers in airtight containers in the fridge up to 4 days. You can also freeze portions of the soup for longer storage.
Reheating: To reheat, transfer individual portions to a saucepan and gently warm on the stovetop over medium-low heat, stirring occasionally. Or reheat single servings in the microwave, stirring every 30 seconds.
For mushrooms: Shiitake and enoki mushrooms give a great woodsy flavor. But you can use oyster, wood ear or other mushrooms instead. White button or cremini mushrooms work in a pinch but won't have as much umami flavor.
For the vinegar: Use a sharp vinegar like distilled white vinegar for authentic hot and sour flavor. Apple cider vinegar also works well. For serving, Chinese black vinegar adds a sweet-tangy flavor as a condiment.
To make vegetarian: Omit the chicken. Instead, add firm tofu, bok choy, shredded cabbage, and a whisked egg for protein.